Questions and answers on endocrine and reproduction physiology (11-2012) by Dr Khaled A Abulfadle

Admin عدد المساهمات : 9696 تاريخ التسجيل : 06/08/2009

What is the mechanism of Numbness in feet of diabetic patient

Numbness in feet of a diabetic patient is due to sensory neuropathy occuring in such patient.

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what is the cause of tremor in hyperthyroidism

Tremor in hyperthyroidism is thought to be a result of increased sympathetic activity due to excess thyroid hormone inducing an increase in beta adrenergic sensitivity and activity.

Admin عدد المساهمات : 9696 تاريخ التسجيل : 06/08/2009

Mechanism of numbness in diabetes

As You Know diabetes is a metabolic disorder due to qualitative or quantitative insulin difficiency that leads to many complications one of which is microvascular disorder that leads to sensory neuropathy which causes numbness.

Diabetic microvascular (involving small vessels, such as capillaries) and macrovascular (involving large vessels, such as arteries and veins) complications have similar etiologic characteristics.

Chronic hyperglycemia plays a major role in the initiation of diabetic vascular complications through many metabolic and structural derangements, including the production of advanced glycation end products (AGE), abnormal activation of signaling cascades (such as protein kinase C [PKC]), elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS, oxygen-containing molecules that can interact with other biomolecules and result in damage), and abnormal stimulation of hemodynamic regulation systems (such as the renin-angiotensin system [RAS]).

Admin عدد المساهمات : 9696 تاريخ التسجيل : 06/08/2009

Q: Effect of parathyroid hormone PTH on heart rate
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A: normally, PTH increases heart rate. In hypoparathyroidism, hypocalcemia occurs that causes tachycardia i.e. inverse relation between calcium and cardiac excitability. In hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia occurs with deposition of calcium in heat tissue causing bradycardia. Thus, although PTH normally causes tachycardia, yet, hpoparathyroidism causes tachycardia while hyperparathyroidism causes bradycardia.

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